"The case studies in this book reappraise key events, concepts, and individuals in late Ottoman and early Republican Turkey. Divided into four parts, the book first examines the extreme politico-religious ideology of the late Ottoman period, as well as squandered opportunities for democratic reform of the multi-ethnic empire. It then examines the continuity of these currents in Kemalist Turkey in case studies including an analysis of campaigns against Alevis in Dersim, and biographical studies of key Kemalist actors and ideologues such as Ziya Gèokalp and Mahmut Bozkurt. The final part of the book explores the legacy of Turkey's violent formation vis-áa-vis its relations with wartime ally Germany in the context of particularly of the Armenian genocide"--

List of Figures
List of Maps
Acknowledgments
Introduction.
1. Democracy Versus Genocide?

Part I. Reform and Massacre in an Expiring Sultanate-Caliphate.
2. Fair Futures! Missionaries against "Indian Removal," "Armenian Atrocities"
3. Islamic Empire and the Politics of Societal Massacre
4. Choosing War in the Crisis of Reform: The 1914 Agreement for Anatolia and Germany

Part II. Turkey's Ultranationalist Refoundation.
5. Pact, Not Peace: The Lausanne Treaty's "Near East Peace"
6. Riza Nur: Co-Founder of the Republic, Delegate in Lausanne, Pan-Turkist
7. The Destruction of Dersim

Part III. Revolution and Anti-Democracy: Biographical Approaches.
8. Ziya Gökalp: Mentor of Ultranationalism, Advocate of Education
9. Patriot Cavid Bey, Victim of Judicial Murder in Ankara
10. Mahmut Bozkurt: Revolution, Racism, and the Secular Republic
11. Parvus in Turkey, a Merchant of Revolution and War

Part IV. End of Empire, Time of Genocide: Turkey's and Germany's Affinitiy.
12. Johannes Lepsius, a German Patriot and Protestant Internationalist
13. Ambassador Wangenheim and the CUP: A Model of Moral Defeatism
14. Democrat Matthias Erzberger and Turkey
15. Germany and the Armenians: A Fatal Failure

Epilogue.
Index.

Hans-Lukas Kieser is a historian of the late Ottoman Empire and Turkey at the University of Newcastle, Australia, and the University of Zurich, Switzerland.