Reference is a central topic in philosophy of language, and has been the main focus of discussion about how language relates to the world. R. M. Sainsbury sets out a new approach to the concept, which promises to bring to an end some long-standing debates in semantic theory. Lucid and accessible, and written with a minimum of technicality, Sainsbury's book also includes a useful historical survey. It will be of interest to those working in logic, mind, and metaphysics as well as essential reading for philosophers of language.

• Preface


• 1: A short history of theories of names


• 2: Framework issues


• 3: Proper names


• 4: Pronouns: anaphora and demonstration


• 5: Complex and plural referring expressions


• 6: Existence and fiction


• 7: Mental reference and individual concepts


• Bibliography