First published in 1991. This study is a critical survey of substantive egalitarian theories of justice, that is to say, various theories containing principles for the distribution of social resources which, it is argued, base themselves on a fundamental principle of equality.

Part One: Justice and Equality; 1. Formal Justice and Formal Equality 2. Egalitarianism and Justification; Part Two: Substantive Egalitarianism; Introduction; 3. Libertarianism 4. Equality of Opportunity and Differential Desert 5. 'Liberty' and the Conditions of Choice 6. Egalitarianism, the Plasticity of Persons, and Legitimate Inequalities; Conclusion: Equality of Value and Equality in Distribution; Bibliography