This volume provides novel social-scientific and historical approaches to religious identifications in 3rd-12th century Egyptian papyri through exploration of a variety of case studies in different languages. Of interest to students and scholars of Late Antiquity, Egypt, and Late Antique religion.

Mattias Brand, PhD (2019), Leiden University, is postdoctoral researcher at the University of Zürich. His first book, Religion and the Everyday Life of Manichaeans in Kellis: Beyond Light and Darkness, was published in 2022. Apart from his work on Manichaeism, Brand works on the role of historians in the study of religions (forthcoming in the Journal of Religious History) and on a large comparative project about the transformation of religious practices within ancient and contemporary houses.

Eline Scheerlinck is a classicist and Egyptologist, specializing in Coptic and Greek papyrology in late antiquity and early Islam. She is a doctoral candidate at Leiden University, within the ERC project "Embedding Conquest. Naturalising Muslim Rule in the Early Islamic Empire (600-1000)." She focuses on the different roles and interventions of the local elites in the society and administration of early Islamic Egypt. Her other main research interest is the history of the humanities (19th and 20th century). She gained a doctorate on this subject from Ghent University in 2014 and has published several articles in this field.

1. Introduction: Theorizing Religious Identification in Late Antique Papyri, Mattias Brand; Part I. Problematizing Religious "Identity" and the Identification of Religious Groups; 2. Christianization, "Identity," and the Problem of Internal Commitment, Egypt III-VI CE, David Frankfurter; 3. A Song-Sharing Service? Hymns, Scribal Agency, and "Religion" in Two Late Antique Papyri, Arkadiy Avdokhin; 4. Lifting the Cloak of Invisibility: Identifying the Jews of Late Antique Egypt, Arietta Papaconstantinou; Part II. Reconstructing Situational Religious Identifications; 5. Did Early Christians Keep Their Identity Secret? Neighbors and Strangers in Dionysius of Alexandria, presbyter Leon, and flax merchant Leonides of Oxyrhynchus, AnneMarie Luijendijk; 6. ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿(¿¿): Self-identification and Formal Categorization of the First Christians in Egypt, Sabine Huebner; 7. From the Sacred to the Profane: Evidence for Multiple Social Identities in the Letters of the Nag Hammadi Codices, Paula Tutty; 8. Religious and Local Identifications in the Jewish Marriage Contract from Fifth-Century Antinoopolis, Susanna Wolfert - de Vries; Part III. Performance and Audience; 9. Aurelios Ammon from Panopolis: On Hellenistic Literary Roles and Egyptian Priestly Cloth, Benjamin Sippel; 10. "The Curses Will Be Like Oil in Their Bones." Excommunication and Curses in Bishops' Letters beyond Late Antiquity, Eline Scheerlinck; 11. Religious Expression and Relationships between Christians and Muslims in Coptic Letters from Early Islamic Egypt,Jennifer Cromwell; 12. Social Contexts of the Biblical Quotations in the Letters of Frange, Przemys¿aw Piwowarczyk; 13. Concluding Remarks: "The Artificers of Facts", Mattias Brand.