This book provides experienced and novice researchers with a broad coverage of the use of judgments as an elicitation tool for second language research. The book includes an historical overview as well as a practical approach to collecting and analyzing second language judgment data.

Patti Spinner is Associate Professor at Michigan State University. Her work focuses on the acquisition of grammar by second language learners. She has published numerous articles in journals such as Studies in Second Language Acquisition, Language Learning, Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, Applied Linguistics, and more.

Susan M. Gass is University Distinguished Professor at Michigan State University. She has published widely in the field of Second Language Acquisition, including the textbook Second Language Acquisition: An Introductory Course (Routledge), co-authored with Jennifer Behney and Luke Plonsky. She co-edits (with Alison Mackey) the Routledge series on Second Language Acquisition Research.

Table of Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1: Judgment Data in Linguistic Research

1. Introduction

2. Judgment Data in Linguistics

3. Conclusion

Chapter 2: Judgment Data in L2 Research: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives

1. Introduction

2. Judgment Data in Second Language Research

3. L2 Judgment Data: A Brief History

4. What Knowledge is Being Measured?

5. What are Judgment Tasks Used for?

6. Intervening Variables

7. Conclusion

Chapter 3: Uses of Judgments in L2 Research

1. Introduction
2. Frameworks

3. Knowledge Types

4. Specific Constructs

5. Additional Research Areas

6. What languages Have Been Used?

7. Proficiency Levels

8.. Conclusion

Chapter 4: A Guide to Using Judgment Tasks in L2 Research

1. Introduction

2. Design Features

3. Other Considerations

4. Data Sharing

5. Conclusion

Chapter 5: Variations on Judgment Tasks

1. Introduction
2. Interpretation Tasks

3. Pragmatic Tasks

4. Preference Tasks

5. Error Correction Tasks

6. Multiple-Choice Tasks

7. Judgment Tasks in Combination With Psycholinguistic and Neurolinguistic Measures

8. Many Task Types in One

9. Conclusion

Chapter 6: Analyzing Judgment Data

1. Introduction
2. Cleaning the Data

3. Scoring Responses to Binary and Scalar Judgments

4. Scoring Corrections

5. Basic Inferential Statistics With Judgment Data

6. Reporting Individual Results

7. Rasch Analysis

8. Analyzing Likert Scale Data: z-Scores

9. Binary Judgments: d-Prime Scores

10. Analyzing Magnitude Estimation Scores

11. Using Response Time Data

12. Using Judgment Data Results in Conjunction With Other Measures

13. Conclusion