1. Polyaniline: An introduction and overview 2. Synthetic route of polyaniline (I): Conventional oxidative polymerization 3. Synthetic route of PANI (II): Enzymatic method 4. Synthetic route of PANI (III): Ultrasound-assisted polymerization 5. Synthetic route of Polyaniline (IV): Irradiation path 6. Synthetic route of PANI (V): Electrochemical polymerization 7. PANI-based nanostructures 8. Polyaniline/metal oxides nanocomposites 9. PANI-CNT nanocomposites 10. Polyaniline/graphene-based nanocomposites 11. Functionalized polyaniline and composites 12. Advanced characterization tools for PANI and PANI-clay nanocomposites 13. Experimental procedures for assessing electrical and thermal conductivity of polyaniline 14. Application of polyaniline and its derivatives 15. Polyaniline: Future perspectives