• List of Figures


• Acknowledgments


• 1. Introduction: The Paradox of Digital Campaigning in a Democracy


• 2. 1996: Mass-Mediated Campaigning in the Nascent Internet Age


• 3. 2000: Experimentation in the Internet Age


• 4. 2004: The Paradigm Shift


• 5. 2008: Networked Campaigning and Controlled Interactivity


• 6. 2012: The Datafication of Controlled Interactivity


• 7. 2016: The Hybrid Persuasion Environment of Mass-Targeted Campaigning


• 8. Conclusion: Shifting Practices of Political Campaigns and Political Culture


• Notes


• References


• Index

Jennifer Stromer-Galley is Professor of Information Studies and Director for the Center for Computational and Data Sciences at Syracuse University.

Presidential Campaigning in the Internet Age challenges popular claims about the democratizing effect of Digital Communication Technologies (DCTs). Citizen involvement in the campaign historically has been and, as this book shows, continues to be a means to an end: winning the election for the candidate. For all the proliferation of apps to download, polls to click, videos to watch, and messages to forward, the decidedly undemocratic view of controlled interactivity is how most campaigns continue to operate.