For 79 days in 2014, Hong Kong became the focus of international attention due to a public demonstration for genuine democracy that would become known as the Umbrella Movement. On the surface, this movement was not unlike other large-scale protest movements that have occurred in recent years. However, it was distinct in how bottom-up processes evolved into a centrally organized, programmatic movement with concrete policy demands. This book analyzes how traditionalmass media institutions and digital media combined with on-the-ground networks in such a way as to propel citizen participation and the evolution of the movement as a whole.

• Acknowledgments


• Chapter 1: Introduction


• Chapter 2: Social Transformation and the Rise of Protests, 2003-2014


• Chapter 3: Contesting the Idea of Civil Disobedience


• Chapter 4: Media, Participation, and Public Opinion toward the Movement


• Chapter 5: Digital Media Activities and Connective Actions


• Chapter 6: Counter-Movement Discourses and Governmental Responses


• Chapter 7: Conclusion


• Appendix: Profiling the Umbrella Movement Participants


• Notes


• References


• Index

Francis L.F. Lee is Professor at the School of Journalism and Communication, Chinese University of Hong Kong. He is the author of Talk Radio, the Mainstream Press, and Public Opinion in Hong Kong and co-author of Media, Social Mobilization, and Mass Protests in Post-colonial Hong Kong. He is also associate editor of Mass Communication & Society and the Chinese Journal of Communication.
Joseph M. Chan is Emeritus Professor at the School of Journalism and Communication, Chinese University of Hong Kong. He has published extensively on political communication, journalism studies, and international communication. Among his works, he is co-author of Media, Social Mobilization, and Mass Protests in Post-colonial Hong Kong. He was elected a Fellow of the International Communication Association in 2014.