Michael Hoffman is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Notre Dame.

• List of Figures


• List of Tables


• Introduction


• An Interest-Based Theory of Religion and Support for Democracy


• The Religious Experience: Communal Prayer and Group Identity


• Christians and Muslims in Lebanon Before the Syrian Civil War


• Appendices


• Appendix 4.A Survey Questions Used


• Appendix 4.B Supplementary Tables


• After Syria: Communal Religion and Democracy in 2014 Lebanon


• Appendices


• Appendix 5.A Description of Experiment


• Appendix 5.B Description of Variables


• Representation or Redistribution? Evidence from Iraq


• Appendices


• Appendix 6.A Supplementary Tables and Figures


• Conclusion: Implications for Religion and Politics


• Appendices


• Appendix 7.A Additional Information, Cross-National


• Notes


• Index

Why does religion sometimes increase support for democracy and sometimes do just the opposite? This book presents a theory of religion, sectarianism, and democracy. By examining religious and political preferences among both Muslims and non-Muslims in several religiously diverse settings, Faith in Numbers demonstrates that religious identities and sectarian interests play a major part in determining regime preferences and illustrates how Islam in particular can be mobilized for both pro- and anti-democratic purposes.