Erik Gartzke is Professor of Political Science and the Director of the Center for Peace and Security Studies (cPASS) at the University of California, San Diego.
Jon R. Lindsay is Associate Professor at the School of Cybersecurity and Privacy and the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

• Biographies


• Acknowledgements


• List of Figures and Tables


• Ch. 1 Introduction: Revisiting Deterrence Theory


• I The Means and Ends of Deterrence


• Ch. 2 What is Deterrence?


• Ch. 3 Deterrence is Not (Just) One Thing


• Ch. 4 Politics by (Many) Other Means


• II Theoretical Problems in the Cyber Domain


• Ch. 5 Cyberspace is Unsuitable for the Strategy of War


• Ch. 6 Cyberspace is Ideal for the Strategy of Deception


• Ch. 7 Cyber Deception Versus Nuclear Deterrence


• III Empirical Evidence in Multiple Domains


• Ch. 8 Land: Presence and Credibility


• with Koji Kagotani


• Ch. 9 Sea: Maneuver and Uncertainty


• Ch. 10 Air: Automation and Cost


• with James Walsh


• Ch. 11 Space: Intelligence and Stability


• with Bryan Early


• IV Strategic Implications of Complexity


• Ch. 12 Trade: Asymmetry and Multipolarity


• with Oliver Westerwinter


• Ch. 13 Cyber: Complements and Substitutes


• with Nadiya Kostyuk


• Ch. 14 Gray Zone: Ambiguity and Escalation


• with J. Andres Gannon and Peter Schram


• Ch. 15 Conclusion: Summary and Implications


• Bibliography

Deterrence theory emerged during the Cold War in response to the threats posed by nuclear weapons. Today, strategists must consider many other threats, such as cyber attacks, drones, space weapons, and subversion, all within a highly interdependent global economy. While many policymakers aspire to create integrated deterrence strategies, deterrence is not a panacea for complexity. Elements of Deterrence presents detailed arguments and empirical evidence demonstrating that the practice of deterrence involves complex trade-offs between multiple political goals and specialized military instruments. The result is a new synthesis of venerable themes in deterrence theory.