This collection examines the challenges faced by countries competing over territorial claims during constitutional transitions. It addresses two scenarios in particular: authoritarian to democratic rule against a backdrop of violent conflict; and transitions within electoral democracies in response to claims for territorial autonomy.

George Anderson is former deputy minister (permanent secretary) in the Canadian government and subsequently CEO of the Forum of Federations. He has been a member of the Standby Team of Experts in the UN's Department of Political Affairs and consulted extensively around the world. He is currently a fellow at the Centre for Democracy and Diversity at Queen's University, Kingston, Canada, and has had earlier resident fellowships at Harvard and New York universities.
Sujit Choudhry is an internationally recognized authority on comparative constitutional law, and has been an advised on constitution building, governance, and rule of law processes for over 20 years, including in Egypt, Jordan, Libya, Nepal, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Ukraine and Yemen. He founded and directs the Center for Constitutional Transitions (CT).

• 1: Gustavo Bonifaz Moreno and George Gray Molina: Territorial Cleavages and the Bolivian Constitutional Transition


• 2: Marie-Joelle Zahar: Bosnia and Herzegovina


• 3: Neophytos Loizides and John McGarry: The 2002-2004 Annan Plan in Cyprus: An Attempted UN-Mediated Constitutional Transition


• 4: Assefa Fiseha: Emergence and Transformation of Territorially Based Cleavages and Constitutional Responses in Ethiopia


• 5: Harihar Bhattacharyya: States Reorganization and the Accommodation of Ethno-Territorial Cleavages in India


• 6: Zaid Al-Ali: Dealing with Territorial Cleavages in Constitutional Transitions in Iraq


• 7: Jacques Bertrand: Indonesia: "Special Autonomy" for Aceh and Papua


• 8: Yash Ghai and Jill Cottrell: Constitutional Transitions and Territorial Cleavages: the Kenyan Case


• 9: Mara Malagodi: "Godot has Arrived!" Federal Restructuring in Nepal


• 10: Rotimi Suberu: Nigeria's Permanent Constitutional Transition: Military Rule, Civilian Instability, and the Unending Search for Democratic "True Federalism" in a Deeply Divided Society


• 11: Bryony Lau: The Philippines: Peace talks and autonomy in Mindanao


• 12: Nico Steytler: The Withering away of Politically Salient Territorial Cleavages in South Africa and the Emergence of Watermark Ethnic Federalism


• 13: César Colino, Luis Moreno, and Angustias Hombrado: Spain: Constitutional Transition through Gradual Accommodation of Territories


• 14: Asanga Welikala: Sri Lanka's Failed Peace Process and the Continuing Challenge of Ethno-Territorial Cleavages


• 15: Stephen Tierney: After the Scottish Independence Referendum: Towards a Federal Moment for the United Kingdom?


• 16: Lucan Way: Dealing with Territorial Cleavages: The Rise and Fall of Ukraine's Faustian Bargain


• 17: George Anderson: Yemen's Failed Constitutional Transition


• 18: Cheryl Saunders: Processes of Constitutional Transitions in the Face of Territorial Cleavages


• 19: Tom Ginsburg: Constitutional Design and Territorial Cleavages


• 20: George Anderson and Sujit Choudhry: Territorial Cleavages and Constitutional Transitions: Political Mobilization, Constitution-Making Processes, and Constitutional Design