Social science experiments often cannot be analyzed under controlled conditions, as many take place outside a laboratory. None-the-less, measurement provides scientists with a sound basis for collecting and analyzing the results of field research.

• Chapter 1: Introduction


• Chapter 2: Measurement


• Chapter 3: Calculus of Observations


• Chapter 4: The Problem of Passive Observation


• Chapter 5: Clinical Judgement


• Chapter 6: Consensus


• Chapter 7: Conclusions

Marcel Boumans is historian and philosopher of science at the University of Amsterdam and Erasmus University Rotterdam. His main research focus is on understanding empirical research practices in economics from a philosophy of science-in-practice perspective. He is particularly interested in the practices of measurement and modeling and the role of mathematics in social science.