• List of Tables


• List of Figures


• Acknowledgements


• Dedication


• Introduction


• Chapter 1: Digital Media and the Arab Spring


• Chapter 2: The Recent History of Digital Media and Dissent


• Chapter 3: Information Infrastructure and the Organization of Protest


• Chapter 4: Authoritarian Responses and Consequences


• Chapter 5: Al Jazeera, Social Media, and Digital Journalism


• Conclusion: Digital Media and the Rhythms of Social Change


• References


• Endnotes


• Index

Philip N. Howard is Associate Professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Washington, with adjunct appointments at the Jackson School of International Studies and the Information School. Muzammil M. Hussain is a Ph.D. candidate in Communication at the University of Washington and Visiting Scientist at the Center for Comparative and International Studies, ETH Zurich.

In 2011, the international community watched as citizens mobilized through the Internet and digital media to topple three of the world's most entrenched dictators: Ben Ali in Tunisia, Mubarak in Egypt, and Qaddafi in Libya. This book examines not only the unexpected evolution of events during the Arab Spring, but the longer history of desperate-and creative-digital activism through the Arab world.