Following the rise of Islam, many Jewish communities lived in predominantly Muslim lands. Muslim-Jewish co-existence was not seriously challenged until the modern period when European colonialism and the emergence of Zionism and Arab nationalism led to growing friction and conflict, resulting in the mass departures of Jews from these lands in the middle of the twentieth century.
Jews and Muslims throws light on the history of these communities and on the developments that led to the snapping of ties between Jews and Muslims by focusing on the century before the end of Jewish life in these areas. It interweaves analysis with translations of primary documents drawn from the archives of a French-Jewish organization, the Alliance Israelite Universelle, that had an extensive Jewish school network around the Mediterranean basin and whose teachers reported extensively on local events and trends over the decades. It illuminates the political, socio-economic, and cultural changes that eroded the place of Jews in Middle Eastern societies and offers a unique perspective, from within, on the historical background of some of the most vexing problems of the modern Middle East.
National Jewish Book Awards Honor Book

Acknowledgments
A Note on the Documents
Map
Introduction
An Overview of the Alliance's Activities
PART ONE THE SCHOOLS AND TEACHERS OF THE ALLIANCE ISRAELITE UNIVERSELLE
Instruction in the Alliance Schools
The Alliance Teaching Corps
PART TWO THE DISCOURSE OF THE ALLIANCE TEACHERS AND THE "CIVILIZING" OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN THE LANDS OF ISLAM
The Moralizing Agenda
The Emancipation and Reformation of Women
The Transformation of the Social Structure of the Jewish Community
The Critique of Traditional Judaism
The War of Languages
A Portrait of the Communities
The Impact of the West and the Alliance Schools
PART THREE THE ALLIANCE TEACHER AS POLITICAL ACTIVIST AND POLITICAL OBSERVER
The Task of Protection
The Teacher as Patriot and Advocate of the Jews
The Age of Nationalism
Conclusion
Glossary
Bibliography
Index of Personal Names
Index of Place Names