CLIVE EMSLEY is Professor of History at the Open University, Milton Keynes, England. Among his earlier publications is Policing Western Europe (Greenwood Press, 1991).
LOUIS A. KNAFLA is Professor of History, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and the long-time editor of Criminal Justice History: An International Annual.

Introduction
From Medieval Cities to National States, 1350-1850: The Historiography of Crime and Criminal Justice in Europe by Xavier Rousseaux
Structure, Conjuncture, and Events in the Historiography of Modern Criminal Justice History by Louis A. Knafla
Western Europe
Gender, Class, and the Courts: Scandinavia by Eva Osterberg
Albion's Fatal Attractions: Reflections upon the History of Crime in England by Clive Emsley
Crime, the Judicial System, and Punishment in Modern France by René Lévy
Crime, Police, and the "Good Order": Germany by Alf Ludtke and Herbert Reinke
Brigands, Mafiosi, and Others: Italy by Steven Hughes
The Americas and Australia-New Zealand
Crime and Punishment in the Dominion of the North: Canada from New France to the Present by Jim Phillips
The Urban Police in the United States by Erik Monkkonen
Bandits, Real and Imagined: An Introduction to the Theme in Mexican History by Paul Vanderwood
Slaves, Free Poor, and Policemen: Brazil by Marcos Luiz Bretas
The Convict Taint: Australia and New Zealand by Stephen Garton
Selected Bibliography
Index

When is a crime a crime-or an act condoned by a significant portion of society? When is a criminal a criminal-or a revolutionary or a national hero? As the chapters in this collection make clear, what constitutes criminal activity varies, to a degree, among different societies and at different moments in a society's history. In this wide-ranging work, major historians of criminology and penology examine aspects of crime and criminal justice from medieval Western Europe to modern day Canada.
In addition to examining crime, the judicial system, and punishment in various societies, the chapters look at the evolution of police systems as societies urbanize and undergo population changes. Together these chapters look at many key questions concerning the modern study of criminal behavior. As such, the volume will be of great interest to researchers and scholars of the history of crime.