In the context of a global biometric turn, this book investigates processes of legal identification in Africa "from below". Drawing on empirical research conducted across 14 countries, the book documents the processes, practices and meanings of legal identification in Africa from the 1950s.

Introduction: The Social Life of IDs in Contemporary Africa, Séverine Awenengo Dalberto & Richard Banégas

Part 1. Biometric State versus Documentary State: Identification Technologies and Citizenship

1. "African Citizenships: A Biometric Turn?", Séverine Awenengo Dalberto, Richard Banégas & Armando Cutolo

2. "Documentary Government and Mathematical Identification. On the theoretical significance of African biometric government", Keith Breckenridge

3. "Legible Bodies and Lives. How a Biometric Registration Campaign Reinvented the Chadian Population", Marielle Debos

4. Testimonies and Social Markers in the Age of Biometrics. The Work of the Identity Control and Verification Commission in Chad, Kelma Manatouma

5. "Digitalized Paper Barriers. Identity Verifications and Exclusions of Immigrants Learners in Low Income High-Schools of Johannesburg", Jeanne Bouyat

6. "The Malian refugee card in Burkina Faso" Nora Bardelli

7. "The Republic and its Double. Forgery, Inequalities and State Morality in Cameroon", Marie-Emmanuelle Pommerolle

8. "General Amnesty for All 'René Caillés'! Falsifying Birth Certificates and Reforming Legal Identification in Côte d'Ivoire", Richard Banégas & Armando Cutolo & Souleymane Kouyaté

Part 2. Identity, Citizenship and the Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion

9. The French West African Identity Card in Senegal. The Challenges and Meanings of Legal Identification in the Era of Imperial Citizenship (1946-1960), Séverine Awenengo Dalberto

10. " A Kipande for Ugandans?The Aborted 1947 'Identity Card for Africans'" Sandrine Perrot 11. "Papers to Ward Off the Threat. Identity Cards, Documentary Uncertainty, and Genocide in Rwanda", Florent Piton

12. "Rwanda: Identity Papers under Belgian Colonial Occupation", Léon Saur

13. "Kenya's Ethnic Somalis and Access to Identity Papers. Citizenship and Nation-Building in North-East Kenya", Hervé Maupeu

14. "Bureaucracy and the Politics of Identification in Nigeria. Issuing Certificates of Indigene and Investigating Citizens' Ancestral Origins", Laurent Fourchard

15. "'Hands Off My Citizenship!' Biometrics and its Politics in Mauritania", Zekeria Ould Ahmed Salem

16. "What State is There for Those 'Without Paper or Pencil'? A Case Study of Women and Identification in North Cameroon, Claude Mbowou

Part 3. Bureaucratic Writing of the Self: Political Subjectivities and the Social Production of Papers

17. "Disputing Parenthood at the Civil Registry in Côte d'Ivoire in the 1960s", Louise Barré

18. "Bureaucratic Interpersonal Knowledge. Village Identity Papers and the Production of Moral Homelands in Uganda", Florence Brisset-Foucault

19. "Negotiating Indigenousness. Citizenship and the Struggle for Papers of the Maragoli Community in Uganda", Sandrine Perrot & Gerald Owachi

20. "Bureaucratizing Self-Defence and Reframing Identities. The Case of Koglweogo in Burkina Faso", Romane Da Cunha Dupuy

21. "'Here is My Evidence'. The Documented Path of a Woman Ex-Combatant from Côte d'Ivoire", Kamina Diallo 22. "Faith Papers. Transnational Mobility, Christian Networks, and Citizenship in Morocco and Senegal", Johara Berriane

23. "A Driver and his Licence in Senegal. Professional Ethos and Documentary Imaginary", Sidy Cissokho

24. "Inanimate Politics. Identifying 'Lifeless and Undocumented Migrants' in Guinea and Morocco", Alimou Diallo

25. Postface : "The Identificatory City in Sub-Saharan Africa", Jean-François Bayart