This book examines how European institutions address the plurality of religious faiths and ethical beliefs in a multicultural society, featuring case studies on Germany, Italy, Turkey, Spain, the Czech Republic and the UK and assesses the impact on political integration.

Dr Gideon Calder is Reader in Ethics and Social Philosophy at the University of Wales, Newport.

Dr Emanuela Ceva is Senior Research Associate at the Institute for Advanced Study, Pavia and Lecturer in Political Philosophy at the University of Pavia, Italy.

1. Introduction: Differential Treatment and the Negotiation of Minority Issues in Europe Gideon Calder and Emanuela Ceva Part 1: Diversity in Theory: Dilemmas of Differential Treatment 2. The Place of Conscientious Objection in a Liberal Democracy Anna Elisabetta Galeotti 3. The Appeal to Conscience and the Accommodation of Minority Claims Emanuela Ceva 4. Theories of Religious Exemptions Jonathan Seglow 5. Federalism, Moral Disagreement and European Integration Glyn Morgan 6. A Multicultural Social Ethos: Tolerance, Respect or Civility? Sune Lægaard Part 2: Diversity in Practice: National contexts 7. Modernist Responses to Post-modern Demands? 'Differential treatment' in Europeanising Turkey Ali Tekin 8. Conscientious Objection in Italy: The Favoured Way of Handling Irreducible Conflicting Values? Federico Zuolo 9. How Should a Democracy Respond to the Demands of Differential Treatment? Tax Resistance as an Example Juan Carlos Siurana, Elsa González, Roberto Ballester and José Félix Lozano 10. Corporatism and 'New Groups': Emerging Value Conflicts in Contemporary Germany Maria Paola Ferretti and Claire Moulin-Doos 11. Differential Treatment and Employability: A UK Case-Study of Veil-Wearing in Schools Gideon Calder and Steven R. Smith 12. Conclusions: On the Possibilities and Limitations of Differential Treatment Gideon Calder and Emanuela Ceva