The negative results of referenda on the European Union (EU) Constitutional Treaty in France and the Netherlands, and subsequent low-key adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon raise complex questions about the possible democratization of international organisations. This book provides a full analysis of the EU Constitutional Treaty process, grounded in broader political theoretical debates about democratic constitutionalisation and globalization.

Introduction 1. Avoiding Democratic Constitutionalization in the European Union 2. Democratic Constitutionalisation beyond the Nation-State: A Normative Theory 3. Competing Visions of the Future of the European Union 4. The European Convention as a Forum of Supranational Constitution-Making 5. A Constitutional Treaty for a Union of Citizens and States 6. The External Accountability of the European Convention 7. Bringing the Constitutional Treaty back to the Peoples 8. The Treaty of Lisbon: Saving the Treaty at the Cost of Democracy 9. Conclusions and Prospects

Ben Crum is Associate Professor in Political Theory at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.