This book intends to inform the key participants in extractive projects - namely, the communities, the host governments and the investors - about good practice for effective community engagement, based on analysis of international standards and expectations, lessons from selected case-studies and innovations in public participation.

Rachael Lorna Johnstone is adjunct professor of law at Ilisimatusarfik (University of Greenland) and professor of law at the University of Akureyri, Iceland.

Anne Merrild Hansen is professor of social science and director of the PhD school at Ilisimatusarfik and professor in planning and impact assessment in the Arctic at Aalborg University, Denmark. Between 2016 and 2018, Rachael and Anne directed the Arctic Oil and Gas Research Centre at Ilisimatusarfik.

Contributor Biographies

Table of Abbreviations and acronyms

Chapter One- Introduction

Rachael Lorna Johnstone and Anne Merrild Hansen

Chapter Two- Indigenous rights and resource development in the Arctic: an overview of international standards and principles for consultation, participation and consent

Emma Wilson

Chapter Three- What is required for Free, Prior and Informed Consent and where does it apply?

Rachael Lorna Johnstone

Chapter Four- Meaningful stakeholder engagement as an aspect of risk-based due diligence between the economy, politics and law: the constitutive role of the Business & Human Rights regime

Karin Buhmann

Chapter Five- Youth as a Resources in Extractive Industry Decision-Making Processes: a Case Study using Social Media and Visual Methods to Engage Young Greenlanders

Anna-Sofie Skjervedal

Chapter Six- Comparative expectations of resource development in selected Greenland communities

Rachael Lorna Johnstone and Anne Merrild Hansen

Chapter Seven- "Our consent was taken for granted." A relational justice perspective on participation of Komi people in oil development in northern Russia

Julia Loginova and Emma Wilson

Chapter Eight- Local views on oil development in a village on the North Slope of Alaska

Anne Merrild Hansen and Panigruaq Ipalook

Chapter Nine- Land Claims Agreements in Canada and the promise of enhanced participation

Nigel Bankes

Chapter Ten- Participation in a Small Archipelago: the Shetland negotiations

James Mitchell

Chapter Eleven- The relationship between host government contracts for oil and gas activities and public participation

Eduardo Guedes Pereira and Marianthi Pappa

Chapter Twelve- Achieving Excellence in Public Participation and Consultation

Penny Norton

Chapter Thirteen- Arctic Voices: Strategies for Community Engagement

Anne Merrild Hansen and Rachael Lorna Johnstone