Cancer therapy remains a challenge despite the huge changes and improvements we have made in the scientific and engineering tools that we use. Emerging Cancer Therapy explores the potential and actual uses of live bacteria or their products in the treatment of cancer. Providing a state-of-the-art overview of this field, this book breaks new ground in emerging cancer treatment modalities. Microbes that are currently and can potentially be used therapeutically and their products are reviewed in detail, and studies involving clinical trials and evaluation with these anticancer agents are addressed.

ARSÉNIO FIALHO, PHD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Principal Investigator for the Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering in the Instituto Superior Técnico at the Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Portugal. His current scientific interests are focused on the study of bacterial proteins, such as azurin and Laz, as novel multi-targeted drug candidates with anticancer activities. He is the author or coauthor of more than fifty papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals and, during the last four years, became the holder of five U.S. patents. Dr. Fialho teaches courses in biochemistry, molecular biology, and bioinformatics.

ANANDA CHAKRABARTY, PHD, is Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago. In addition to more than 250 research publications, he has secured nine U.S. patents during the last four years on azurin and Laz, two bacterial proteins with anticancer, anti-viral and anti-parasitic activities. He also is the recipient of a patent on the first life form, a genetically manipulated pseudomonad designed to degrade multiple hydrocarbons present in crude oil, as decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1980 in the celebrated court case Diamond v. Chakrabarty.

PREFACE.
CONTRIBUTORS.
PART I LIVE/ATTENUATED BACTERIA AND VIRUSES AS ANTICANCER AGENTS.
1 Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants Selected to Grow Only in Tumors to Eradicate Them in Nude Mouse Models (Robert M. Hoffman).
2 The Use of Living Listeria Monocytogenes as an Active Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Cancer (John Rothman, Anu Wallecha, Paulo Cesar Maciag, Sandra Rivera, Vafa Shahabi, and Yvonne Paterson).
3 Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder (Timothy P. Kresowik and Thomas S. Griffith).
4 Live Clostridia: A Powerful Tool in Tumor Biotherapy (Lieve Van Mellaert, Ming Q Wei, and Jozef Anné).
5 Bifi dobacterium as a Delivery System of Functional Genes for Cancer Gene Therapy (Geng-Feng Fu, Yan Yin, Bi Hu, and Gen-Xing Xu).
6 Replication-Selective Viruses for the Treatment of Cancer (Padma Sampath and Steve H. Thorne).
7 Engineering Herpes Simplex Virus for Cancer Oncolytic Virotherapy (Jason S. Buhrman, Tooba A. Cheema, and Giulia Fulci).
PART II BACTERIAL PRODUCTS AS ANTICANCER AGENTS.
8 Promiscuous Anticancer Drugs from Pathogenic Bacteria: Rational Versus Intelligent Drug Design (Arsénio M. Fialho and Ananda M. Chakrabarty).
9 Arginine Deiminase and Cancer Therapy (Lynn Feun, M. Tien Kuo, Ming You, Chung Jing Wu, Medhi Wangpaichitr, and Niramol Savaraj).
10 Cytosine Deaminase/5-Fluorocytosine Molecular Cancer Chemotherapy (Sergey A. Kaliberov and Donald J. Buchsbaum).
11 Bacterial Proteins Against Metastasis (Anna Maria Elisabeth Walenkamp).
12 Pseudomonas Exotoxin A-Based Immunotoxins for Targeted Cancer Therapy (Philipp Wolf and Ursula Elsässer-Beile).
13 Denileukin Diftitox in Novel Cancer Therapy (Lin-Chi Chen and Nam H. Dang).
14 The Application of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides in Cancer Treatment: Laboratory Investigations and Clinical Potential (Ashley L. Hilchie and David W. Hoskin).
15 Prodiginines and Their Potential Utility as Proapoptotic Anticancer Agents (Neil R. Williamson, Suresh Chawrai, Finian J. Leeper, and George P.C. Salmond).
16 Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors of Microbial Origins in Cancer Therapy (Jingxuan Pan and Sai-Ching Jim Yeung).
17 The Use of RNA and CpG DNA as Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics (Jörg Vollmer).
PART III PATENTS ON BACTERIA/BACTERIAL PRODUCTS AS ANTICANCER AGENTS.
18 The Role and Importance of Intellectual Property Generation and Protection in Drug Development (Arsénio M. Fialho and Ananda M. Chakrabarty).
INDEX.