Examines the origins and development of New Zealand English on the basis of extensive audio-recordings.

Elizabeth Amancia Gordon wrote the first draft of her debut novel "What Should We Do Instead of Killing Ourselves" on the notes app of her iPhone while riding the subway to and from her day job. She lives with her partner in Brooklyn, New York, where she has a complicated relationship with winter. An avid movie fan, her favorite film is Wandafuru Raifu by Hirokazu Koreeda, and she would have gladly moved to LA to write screenplays if she didn't hate driving cars (even more than snow). You can find her coffee-shop hopping throughout the boroughs, where she'll be reading, writing, and drinking tea.

1. Introduction; 2. Overview and background; 3. The historical background; 4. Previous attempts to explain the origins of New Zealand English; 5. Methodology; 6. The variables of early New Zealand English; 7. The origins of New Zealand English: reflections from the ONZE data; 8. Implications for language change; Appendices.