A pioneering study of how medieval Europeans used and changed their environment, integrating social, economic and environmental history approaches.

Richard Hoffmann is Professor Emeritus and Senior Scholar at the Department of History, York University, Canada. As a pioneer in the environmental history of pre-industrial Europe, he is widely known for his contributions to medieval studies, environmental studies and historic fisheries.

Introduction: thinking about medieval Europeans in their natural world; 1. Long no wilderness; 2. Intersecting instabilities: culture and nature at medieval beginnings (c.400-900); 3. Humankind and God's creation in medieval minds; 4. Medieval land use and the formation of traditional European landscapes; 5. Medieval use, management, and sustainability of local ecosystems 1: primary biological production sectors; 6. Medieval use, management, and sustainability of local ecosystems 2: interactions with the non-living environment; 7. 'This belongs to me ...'; 8. Suffering the uncomprehended: disease as a natural agent; 9. An inconstant planet, seen and unseen, under foot and overhead; 10. A slow end of medieval environmental relations; Afterword.