Collection of essays on the challenges arising from the General Agreement on Trade in Services in the mid-1990s.

Part I. Beyond Regulatory Control and Multilateral Flexibility: Gains from a Cosmopolitan GATS: 1. Testing Regulatory Autonomy, Disciplining Trade Relief and Regulating Variable Peripheries: Can a Cosmopolitan GATS do it all? Marion Panizzon and Nicole Pohl; Part II. Unexplored Economic, Political and Judicial Dimensions of GATS: 2. South-South Services Trade Nora Dihel, Felix Eschenbach and Benjamin Shepherd; 3. The Race towards Preferential Trade Agreements in Services: How Much Market Access Is Really Achieved? Martin Roy, Juan Marchetti and Aik Hoe Lim; 4. Comment: Is Services Trade Like or Unlike Manufacturing Trade? Marion Jansen; 5. Rules of Origin in Services: A Case Study of Five ASEAN Countries Carsten Fink and Deunden Nikomborirak; Part III. The Limits of Request¿Offer Negotiations: Plurilateral and Alternative Approaches to Services Liberalization: 6. Services Post Hong-Kong ¿ Initial Experiences with Plurilaterals Elisabeth Türk; 7. Comment: Negotiating Approaches from a Member's Perspective Claire Kelly; 8. Evaluating Alternative Approaches to GATS Negotiations: Sectoral, Formulae and Others Henry Gao; 9. Comment: Trade Liberalization under the GATS: An Odyssey? Rudolf Adlung; Part IV. GATS Case Law: A First Assessment: 10. Lessons Learned from Litigating GATS Disputes: Mexico ¿ Telecoms Andrew W. Shoyer; 11. From Periodicals to Gambling: A Review of Systemic Issues Addressed by WTO Adjudicatory Bodies under the GATS Eric Leroux; 12. Specificities of WTO Dispute Settlement in Services Cases William Davey; 13. Can Foreign Investors in Services Benefit from WTO Dispute Settlement? Martin Molinuevo; Part V. Market Access, National Treatment and Domestic Regulation: 14. Some Thoughts on the Concept of 'Likeness' in the GATS Mireille Cossy; 15. Comment: The Unbearable Lightness of Likeness Joost Pauwelyn; 16. Towards a Horizontal Necessity Test for Services: Completing the GATS Article VI:4 Mandate Panagiotis Delimatsis; 17. Comment: Quis custodiet neccessitatem? Adjudicating Necessity in Multilevel Systems and the Importance of Judicial Dialogue Markus Krajewski; Part VI. Unfinished Business: Safeguard and Subsidy Disciplines for Services: 18. Recognition, Standardisation and Harmonisation: Which Rules for GATS in Times of Crisis? Markus Krajewski; 19. A Safeguards Regime for Services Fernando Pierola; 20. Waiting for Godot: Subsidy Disciplines in Services Trade Pietro Poretti; 21. Comment: One Set of Rules for Fair and Unfair Trade in Services: A Possible Merger? Kanitha Kungsawanich; Part VII. Challenges to the Scope of GATS and Cosmopolitan Governance in Services Trade: 22. Trade Rules for the Digital Age Sacha Wunsch-Vincent; 23. Comment: Digital Trade: Technology versus Legislators Christian Pauletto; 24. How Human Rights Violations Nullify and Impair GATS Commitments Marion Panizzon; 25. Comment: The Instrumental Rationale for Protecting Human Rights in the Context of Trade Services Reform Simon Walker; 26. In Pursuit of the Cosmopolitan Vocation for Trade: GATS and Aviation Services Richard Janda and Mark Glynn; Part VIII. Conclusion: 27. Been There, Not Yet Done That: Lessons and Challenges in Services Trade Pierre Sauvé.