This book looks at the liberalisation process in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) during the period 1987-1989, focusing on Gorbachev's initiative to encourage perestroika in all the fraternal regimes of CEE outside the Soviet Union. Archival materials, interviews and textual analysis identify a joint initiative 1987-1989 among these fraternal communist parties to perpetuate the one-party system. For this purpose, fraternal parties were expected to follow the example of the CPSU in convening the national party conference, an all-party meeting on a similar scale to the five-yearly congress, and yet mysteriously, one which was barely described in the Party Statutes and rarely convoked. Gorbachev made use of CEE dependence on the Soviet Union for energy supplies to ensure that at least some fraternal parties followed his line.
This book will be of interest to those studying the transition process in CEE, democratisation, comparative politics more generally and students of research methods.

Helen Hardman is a Research Associate of the Human Rights & Social Justice Research Institute, London Metropolitan University.

List of Tables
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. The Conference as an institution
2. The Conference as a policy choice: the CPSU Conference, 1905-1941
3. The rhetoric of reform or a consolidation of power? Gorbachev's defeat of left and right at the Nineteenth CPSU Conference, June 1988
4. Keeping the 'Outer Empire' in step with the CPSU: Gorbachev's policy of fraternal party alignment via the NPC 1987-8
5. Purging party factions: the HSWP National Conference, May 1988
6. Consolidating federal party unity at the LCY Conference, May 1988
7. Too little, too late: The PUWP Conference, 4-5 May 1989
Conclusion