While the historical significance of fascism and anti-fascism is still being hotly debated in Italy and across Europe, this anthology brings to light a wide range of voices--political, literary, and popular--that illuminate more than eighty years of fascism and anti-fascism in Italy.

Part 1 Chronology Part 2 Map: Italy since 1919 Part 3 Introduction: The Past That Will Not Pass: Fascism, Anti-Fascism, and the Resistance in Italy Part 4 The Roots of Fascism Chapter 5 Futurist Manifesto Chapter 6 An Excerpt from Four and Twenty Minds Chapter 7 The Vigil Chapter 8 The Legacy of Nationalism Part 9 The Birth of Fascism and the Early Opposition Chapter 10 Afternoon Speech of 23 March 1919 Chapter 11 Squadrismo Chapter 12 The March on Rome Chapter 13 We Are of the People Chapter 14 Our Protestantism Part 15 The Consolidation of Power and the Anti-Fascist Response Chapter 16 The Fascisti Exposed Chapter 17 Speech of 3 January 1925 Chapter 18 The Eternal Tendency toward Fascism Chapter 19 Towards Anarchism Part 20 The Fascist State and Dissident Voices Chapter 21 The Doctrine of Fascism Chapter 22 What Are We to Do? Chapter 23 Letters from Women Chapter 24 Aphorisms Chapter 25 Operations against Individuals Chapter 26 We Have No Need Chapter 27 The Story of My Death Chapter 28 The Basic Features of the Fascist Dictatorship Part 29 Fascist and Anti-Fascist Culture Chapter 30 Fascist Anthems Chapter 31 Mussolini the Man Chapter 32 The Sacred Myths of Fascism Chapter 33 The Fascist Decalogue Chapter 34 Intellectuals and the Regime Chapter 35 History as the Story of Liberty Chapter 36 The Political Prisoner Chapter 37 What Is Man? Chapter 38 The Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution Chapter 39 Grace Chapter 40 The Nationalization of Women Part 41 Fascist Racism, Anti-Semitism, and the Holocaust Chapter 42 Facetta Nera: Little Black Face Chapter 43 Racial Manifesto Chapter 44 The Word "Jew" Chapter 45 Hunting Down the Jews Chapter 46 Consider If This Is a Man Chapter 47 A Woman Confronts the Holocaust Part 48 War: Spain, Europe, Civil Chapter 49 Today in Spain, Tomorrow in Italy Chapter 50 40 November 1943 Chapter 51 The Dead God Chapter 52 Prisoner of War Chapter 53 Anti-fascist Anthems Chapter 54 Threats Are Good for You Chapter 55 The Four Days of Naples Chapter 56 Civil War Part 57 The Death Throes of Fascism Chapter 58 A Nation Collapses Chapter 59 Manifesto of Verona Chapter 60 A Letter before Dying Chapter 61 Graffiti from a Nazi Prison Chapter 62 Final Examination Chapter 63 A Nazi Massacre Part 64 History, Memory, and the Writing of the Past Chapter 65 Partisan Diary Chapter 66 The Resistance "Vulgate" Chapter 67 The Legacy of Fascism Chapter 68 Eternal Fascism Chapter 69 The Battle over the Past Chapter 70 My Seven Sons Chapter 71 Memory and Massacres Part 72 Guide to Further Reading Part 73 Glossary

Stanislao G. Pugliese is associate professor of modern European history at Hofstra University. He is the author of Carlo Rosselli: Socialist Heretic and Antifascist Exile and Desperate Inscriptions: Graffiti From the Nazi Prison in Rome, 1943-1944.