This book examines the costs and benefits of ending the fighting in a range of conflicts, and probes the reasons why negotiators provide, or fail to provide, resolutions that go beyond just 'stopping the shooting.' A wide range of case studies is marshaled to explore relevant peacemaking situations, from the end of the Thirty Years' War and the Napoleonic Wars, to more recent settlements of the late 20th and early 21st centuries-including large scale conflicts like the end of WWII and smaller scale, sometimes internal conflicts like those in Cyprus, Armenia and Azerbaijan, and Mozambique. Cases on Bosnia and the Middle East add extra interest.

I. William Zartman is Jacob Blaustein Professor of Conflict Resolution and International Organizations at the Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) of the John Hopkins University. Victor Kremenyuk is deputy director at the Institute for U.S.A. and Canada Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow.

Chapter 1 Negotiating Foward- and Backward-Looking Outcomes Part 2 Part I: Historic Settlement Chapter 3 Turning Point Westphalia: Negotiation Processes Establishing a New Political and Legal Order in Europe Chapter 4 The Congress of Vienna Negotiations Part 5 Part II: Major Contemporary Settlements Chapter 6 The Austrian State Treaty: Concluding a Successful Negotiating Process Chapter 7 The Dayton Agreement in Bosnia: Durable Cease-Fire, Permanent Negotiation Chapter 8 The Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process Chapter 9 Loss and Learning: From Backward-Looking to Foward-Looking Outcomes in the Egypt-Israel Rivalry Chapter 10 Memory and International Negotiation: The Franco-German Case Chapter 11 The Building of Mercosur: A Continuous Negotiation Process Part 12 Part III: Bilateral and Internal Conflict Settlements Chapter 13 Cyprus Chapter 14 Expecting Satisfaction: Negotiating a Durable Peace in South Africa Chapter 15 Forward-Looking Dispute Resolution: Ecuador, Peru, and the Border Issue Chapter 16 Negotiation Processes and Postsettlement Relationships: Comparing Nagorno-Karabakh with Mozambique Part 17 Part IV: Conclusions Chapter 18 Looking Forward and Looking Backward on Negotiation Theory Chapter 19 Lessons for Practice