Even though Specific Reading Disability (Dyslexia) has been clinically recognized as a developmental learning disorder for nearly a hundred years. only within the past two decades it has become the subject of major experimental investigation. Because. by definition. dyslexic children are of average or superior intelligence. it is often suspected that some arcane feature of the written language is responsible for the inordinate difficulty experienced by these children in learning to read. The occasional claim that developmental dyslexia is virtually nonexistent in some languages coupled with the fact that languages differ in their writing systems has further rendered orthography a subject of serious investigation. The present Volume represents a collection of preliminary reports of investigations that explored the relationship between orthography and reading disabilities in different languages. Even though not explicitly stated. these reports are concerned with the question whether or not some orthographies are easier to learn to read and write than others. One dimension on which orthographies differ from each other is the kind of relationship they bear to pronunciation. The orthographies examined in this book range from the ones that have a simple one-to­ one grapheme-phoneme relationship to those which have a more complex relationship.

1. Developmental Dyslexia: A Cognitive Developmental Perspective..- 2. Decoding Instruction Based on Word Structure and Origin..- 3. Orthographic Memory and Learning to Read..- 4. Relationship between Cognitive Development, Decoding Skill, and Reading Comprehension in Learning-Disabled Dutch Children..- 5. Cerebral Laterality in a Group of Danish Dyslexic Children..- 6. Dyslexia in the German Language..- 7. Developmental Dyslexia in French Language..- 8. The Italian Language: Developmental Reading and Writing Problems..- 9. Reading Errors in Spanish..- 10. The Phonological Factor in Reading and Spelling of Greek..- 11. A Linguistic Study of Reading and Writing Disorders in Turkish, an Agglutinative Language..- 12. Orthography and Reading of the Arabic Language..- 13. Hebrew Orthography and Dyslexia-A Note..- 14. Language Representation and Reading in Kannada - A South Indian Language..- 15. Linguistic Parameters in the Diagnosis of Dyslexia in Japanese and Chinese..- 16. Reading and Reading Difficulties in a Morphemic Script..- 17. Lexical Access Viewed from the Information Processing Approach: Reading and Writing (Data from Pathology)..- 18. A Model of the Spelling Process: Evidence from Cognitively Impaired Subjects..- 19. Working Memory and Learning to Read..- 20. A Neuropsychological Model for the Role of Articulation in Verbal Short-term Memory and in Reading Comprehension..- 21. Mirror-Writing..- 22. Orthographic Systems and Developmental Dyslexia: A Reformulation of the Syndrome..