" ['etat pathologique ne differe point radicalement de ['etat physiologique, a ['egard duquel if ne suarait constituer, sous un aspect quelconque, qu'un simple prolongement plus ou moins etendu des limites de variation, soit superieures, soit in/erieures, propres a chaque phenomene de ['organisme normal, sans pouvoir jamais produire de phenomenes vraiment nouveaux, qui n'auraient point, a un certain degre, leurs analogues purement physiologiques. Par une suite necessaire de ce principe, la notion exacte et rationnelle de ['etat physiologique doit donc /ournir, sans doute, l'indespensable point de depart de toute saine theorie pathologique,· mais if en resulte, d'une maniere non moins evidente, que, reciproquement, ['exam en scienti/ique des phenomenes pathologiques est eminemment propre a per/ectionner les etudes uniquement relatives a ['etat normal. Un tel mode d'experimentation, quoique indirect. est, en general, mieux adapte qu'aucun autre a la vraie nature des phenomenes biologiques. " (Comte, 1838; pg 696). The principle that an unde. rstanding of physiology can be based on the analysis of pathological states, and that, vice versa, an understanding of pathology cannot proceed without a clear formulation of the structure on normal physiological states formed the basis for the development of experimental medicine in France in the first half of the 19th century, and for the development of neuropsychology in the second half of the 19th century.

A. General Introduction.- 1 Some aspects of language processing revealed through the analysis of acquired aphasia: The lexical system.- B. Reading Introduction to Section of Reading.- 2 Reading mechanisms and the organization of the lexicon: Evidence from acquired dyslexia.- 3 The role of the (output) phonological buffer in reading, writing, and repetition.- 4 The analysis of morphological errors in a case of acquired dyslexia.- 5 General to specific access to word meaning: A claim reexamined.- C. Writing Introduction to Section on Writing.- 6 Aspects of the spelling process: Evidence from a case of acquired dysgraphia.- 7 Dissociation of spelling errors in written and oral spelling: The role of allographic conversion in writing.- 8 The role of the Graphemic Buffer in spelling: Evidence from a case of acquired dysgraphia.- 9 Orthographic structure, the graphemic buffer and the spelling process.- D. Speaking Introduction to Section on Speaking.- 10 Dissociation of inflectional and derivational morphology.- 11 A Case of Selective Deficit to Positional Level Processing.- 12 Variation in the pattern of omissions and substitutions of grammatical morphemes in the spontaneous speech of so-called agrammatic patients.