Foundational research focuses on the theory, but theories are to be related also to other theories, experiments, facts in their domains, data, and to their uses in applications, whether of prediction, control, or explanation. A theory is to be identified through its class of models, but not so narrowly as to disallow these roles. The language of science is to be studied separately, with special reference to the relations listed above, and to the consequent need for resources other than for theoretical description. Peculiar to the foundational level are questions of completeness (specifically in the representation of measurement), and of interpretation (a topic beset with confusions of truth and evidence, and with inappropriate metalinguistic abstraction).

Foundations of Science - Discussion:.- A Philosophical Approach to Foundations of Science.- A Pluralistic View of Foundations of Science.- The Foundation of Science.- The Foundation of Statistics:.- Some Issues in the Foundation of Statistics.- Comments by.- Rejoinder.- Applications of Quantum Statistics in Psychological Studies of Decision Processes.- Operationism, Probability and Quantum Mechanics.- Computational Empiricism.- Varia:.- Blame Not the Laws of Nature.- Biographical Notes.- On AFOS (some history of the initiative and some recent developments).- Summary of AFOS Workshop, 1994.