About the Series vii

Illustrations ix

Abbreviations xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Introduction 3

I. The Context

1. Communities, Culture, and Traditions of Opposition 11

II. Emergences, 1930–1934

2. Disrupting the Calm: The Communist Party in Baltimore, 1930–1933 45

3. The City-Wide Young People's Forum, 1931–1933 69

4. Garment Workers, Socialists, and the People's Unemployment League, 1932–1934 92

III. Transitions, 1933–1936

5. The Lynching of George Armwood, 1933 119

6. Buy Where You Can Work, 1933–1934 140

7. The Baltimore Soviet, the ACW, and the PUL, 1933–1935 163

8. Seeking Directions, 1934–1936 187

IV. Risings, 1936–1941

9. The CIO and the First Wave, 1936–1937 215

10. The CIO, the AFL, and the Baltimore Workers' Movement: The Second Wave, 1938–1941 245

11. The New Baltimore NAACP and the Metropolitan Region, 1936–1941 269

12. The New Baltimore NAACP and the State and the Country, 1936–1941 290

Epilogue 313

Notes 319

Bibliography 353

Index 365

Andor Skotnes is Professor of History at The Sage Colleges.

Andor Skotnes is Professor of History at The Sage Colleges.