Edited by Leonardo Burlamaqui, Ana Célia Castro and Rainer Kattel, with a Foreword by Richard Nelson

List of Abbreviations; List of Tables and Figures; Foreword ? Richard Nelson; Introduction ? Leonardo Burlamaqui, Ana Célia Castro and Rainer Kattel; PART I. KNOWLEDGE GOVERNANCE: BUILDING A FRAMEWORK; 1. Knowledge Governance: An Analytical Approach and its Policy Implications ? Leonardo Burlamaqui; 2. From Intellectual Property to Knowledge Governance: A Micro-founded Evolutionary Explanation ? Annalisa Primi; 3. Catching Up and Knowledge Governance ? Rainer Kattel; PART II. INNOVATION, COMPETITION POLICIES AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: INSTITUTIONAL FRAGMENTATION AND THE CASE FOR BETTER COORDINATION; 4. Where Do Innovations Come From? Transformations in the US Economy, 1970?2006 ? Fred Block and Matthew R. Keller; 5. Antitrust and Intellectual Property: Conflicts and Convergences ? Mario Luiz Possas and Maria Tereza Leopardi Mello; 6. The Politics of Pharmaceutical Patent Examination in Brazil ? Kenneth C. Shadlen; PART III. GOING FORWARD: TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE GOVERNANCE RESEARCH AGENDA; 7. Varieties of Latin American Patent Offices: Comparative Study of Practices and Procedures ? Ana Célia Castro, Ana María Pacón and Mônica Desidério; 8. An Interoperability Principle for Knowledge Creation and Governance: The Role of Emerging Institutions ? John Wilbanks and Carolina Rossini; 9. The Search for Alternatives to Patents in the Twenty-First Century ? Luigi Palombi

This book argues that the current international intellectual property rights regime, led by the World Trade Organization (WTO), has evolved over the past three decades toward overemphasizing private interests and seriously hampering public interests in access to knowledge and innovation diffusion. While it is obvious that firm-level dynamics are changing ? toward networks and peer production in technologically leading companies in the developed countries, and toward increasing integration into global and regional production and innovation networks in developing countries ? academic discussions as well as policy disputes in the WTO and other international forums take place within a rather rigid and narrow perspective. This approach concentrates on tangible and codified knowledge creation and diffusion in research and development (R&D) that can be protected via patents and other intellectual property rules and regulations. In terms of global policy initiatives, however, it is becoming increasingly clear that the WTO in particular is mostly a conflict-resolution facility rather than a global governance body able to generate cooperation and steer international coordinated policy action. At the same time, rent extraction and profits streaming from legal hyperprotection have become pervasively important for firm strategies to compete in a globalized marketplace.

Taking into account these structural changes, the new frontiers that have to be faced by industrial, technological, innovation and competition policies, as well as increasingly complex coordination problems rising among them, a major cluster of policy and institutional design challenges emerges. To address them, a new conceptual framework is necessary. This volume proposes ?knowledge governance? as the adequate framework to meet this challenge. Knowledge governance is an analytical framework that embraces different forms of public governance mechanisms such as supervision, rulemaking, regulation, policy prescriptions and institutional coordination and applies them to the realms of knowledge production, diffusion and appropriation.