Azerbaijan's Soviet and post-Soviet political history has been tumultuous and varied, particularly with regard to the struggle for independence, democracy and sovereignty. Suha Bolukbasi here illustrates how post-Stalin resilience, the tolerance shown toward subtle nationalist expression and Gorbachev's relaxation of central control from Moscow were all-in-part responsible for the initial emergence of a more liberal atmosphere in Azerbaijan. As a result, issues such as Moscow's responsibility for environmental degradation, the depletion of Azerbaijan's oil, and unfavourable terms of trade have all begun to be freely discussed. However, the Azerbaijan-Armenia dispute over Karabagh has had a dramatic impact on the political discourse. The dispute has become not only an international conflict, but one which involves the lives of more than one million refugees. This book shows how Azerbaijan's recent political history - both domestic and international - has influenced the development of the country and the history of the surrounding region.

Suha Bolukbasi is Professor of International Relations at the Middle East Technical University, Ankara. He holds a PhD from University of Virginia and has held Visiting appointments at Indiana University, Oberlin College and Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.

List of plates
List of abbreviations and terms
Note on Transliteration
Introduction
Chapter 1: Pre-Soviet Era and Sovietization
Chapter 2: Azerbaijan during the Soviet Era
Chapter 3: Armenia Claims Mountainous Karabagh
Chapter 4: Inter-Communal Fighting and Ethnic Cleansing
Chapter 5: Black January and After
Chapter 6: Baku courts Moscow while the ANM comes to Power in Yerevan
Chapter 7: The Road to Independence
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Index