This new volume of the Engaging the Crusades series explores the ways in which significant crusading figures have been employed as heroes and villains, and by whom. It is perfect for scholars and students of the crusades, and historians concerned with the development of reputations and memory.

Mike Horswell completed his PhD at Royal Holloway, University of London, and is the author of The Rise and Fall of British Crusader Medievalism, c.1825-1945 (2018). He is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society and is currently researching, teaching, and writing about the memory and use of the crusades in the modern era.

Kristin Skottki is Junior Professor of Medieval History at the University of Bayreuth. She has published on the medieval and modern historiography of the First Crusade, as in her monograph Christen, Muslime und der Erste Kreuzzug (2015). Her current research focuses on late medieval piety and medievalism.

Introduction: making heroes and villains 1. 'Most Excellent and Brave of Heart': Tancred's making and unmaking in the sources 2. The memorialisation of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem: from the medieval to the modern 3. Oppressor, martyr, and Hollywood villain: Reynald of Châtillon and the representation of crusading violence 4. 'The Evil Genius of the Third Crusade': Conrad of Montferrat, stereotype and scapegoat 5. Saladin and Richard the Lionheart: entangled memories 6. Saint Louis: a crusader king and hero for Victorian and First World War Britain and Ireland 7. The sultan, the Kaiser, the colonel, and the purloined wreath