In this book, Rupert Read outlines the first resolute reading, following the highly influential New Wittgenstein school, of the Philosophical Investigations. He argues that the key to understanding Wittgenstein's later philosophy is to understand its liberatory purport.

Rupert Read is an associate professor of philosophy at the University of East Anglia. His books include: Applying Wittgenstein (2007), Wittgenstein among the sciences (2012), A Wittgensteinian way with paradoxes (2013) and A Film-philosophy of Ecology and Enlightenment (2018). He was co-editor of the curriculum-changing collection The New Wittgenstein (2000), also with Routledge.

0 Introduction: Thinking through Wittgenstein 1

1 The Philosopher and Temptation: Wittgenstein's Augustinian Opening Move 42

2 "It Is as You Please": PI 16 as an Icon oWittgenstein's Philosophy of Freedom 78

3 What Is (Wittgenstein's Own Account of) Meaning?: PI 43 and Its Critics 108

4 When Wittgenstein Speaks of 'Everyday' Language, He Means Simply Language: A Liberatory Reading of PI 95-124 143

5 Objects of Comparison to the Real (Philosophical?)Discovery: PI 130-133 188

6 Wittgenstein Dissolves the Know-How vs Knowledge- that Debate: PI 149-151 206

7 Logical Existentialism?: An Approach to PI 186 226

8 The Faux- Freedom of Nonsense: Kripke's Wittgenstein and Wittgenstein's Wittgenstein at PI 198-201 260

9 Overcoming Over- Reliance on 'The Bedrock'?: On PI 217 279

10 The Anti-'Private-Language'Considerations as a Fraternal and Freeing Ethic: Towards a Re-Reading of PI 284-309 297

11 Conclusion: (A)

Liberating Philosophy 327

Bibliography 363

Index 382