The book examines is how long companies specifically take to respond to catastrophic events of low probability but high impact. The book also looks at why such supply chain disruptions are unavoidable and consequently, all complex supply chains are inherently at risk.

Mohammad Heydari is a PhD student in Management Science and Engineering at the School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China.

Kin Keung Lai is Professor at the College of Economics, Shenzhen University, China.

Zhou Xiaohu is Professor at the School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China.

1. Introduction 2. Risks in Economics 3. Models of Risks in Economics 4. Risks in Supply Chain Management 5. Models of Risks in Supply Chain Management 6. Risks in Environmental Management 7. Models of Risks in Environmental Management