This volume conceptualizes the threats, challenges, opportunities, and boundaries of great power cyber competition in the 21st century.

David V. Gioe is a British Academy Global professor and visiting professor of intelligence and international security in the Department of War Studies at King's College London. He is also an associate professor of history at the U.S. Military Academy and a history fellow for its Army Cyber Institute.

Margaret W. Smith is an active-duty cyber officer in the U.S. Army, a senior fellow with the Atlantic Council's Cyber Statecraft Initiative, and graduate faculty at the University of Maryland. She holds a PhD in Public Policy from The George Washington University.

Introduction 1. A Strategic Cyberspace Overview of Russia and China 2. On Competition: A Continuation of Policy by Misunderstood Means 3. Russian New Generation Warfare in the Baltic States and Beyond 4. Russian Cyberspace Operations against Ukraine in the 2022 War: How Effective Have They Been and What Lessons for NATO Can Be Drawn? 5. The Implications of the Russo-Ukrainian War and the Democratization of Intelligence for Great Power Competition: Everyone a Sensor 6. In Africa, Great Power Competition Requires a Great Strategy for Information Operations 7. Competing for Influence: Authoritarian Powers in The Cyber Domain in Latin America 8. The Logic of Protraction in Cyber Conflict: Peace Would Ruin Me 9. Digital IEDs on the Information Highway: PSYOP, CYBER, and the Info Fight 10. Cybersecurity as a Public Good: Government Intervention is Only Part of the Solution 11. Unconventional Warfare in the Information Environment 12. Ubiquitous Technical Surveillance and the Challenges of Military Operations in the Era of Great Power Competition 13. Toward A Whole-Of-Society Framework for Countering Disinformation 14. Enduring Challenges in Cybersecurity: Responding Quickly and Credibly to Asymmetric Threats