Stefano Bartolini argues that, despite the growth of a large theoretical literature about institutions and institutionalism over the last thirty years, the specific nature of political institutions has been relatively neglected. Political institutions have been subsumed into the broader problems of the emergence, persistence, change and functions of all types of institutions. The author defines political institutions strictly as norms and rules of 'conferral', to be distinguished from norms/rules of 'conduct' and of 'recognition'. They are those norms and rules that empower rulers, set limits to the capacity to ensure behavioural compliance, and define the proper means for achieving such compliance. This book draws logical and empirical consequences from this understanding, to distinguish different types of norms/rules, and to specify the peculiarities of those norms/rules that are 'political'. The book will appeal to researchers of political institutions in comparative politics, and in political science and political sociology more broadly.

Stefano Bartolini is Emeritus Professor, Department of Political Science, European University Institute, Florence, Italy. He has previously published several books, including Identity, Competition, and Electoral Availability (1990), The Class Cleavage (2000), Restructuring Europe (2005) and The Political (2018).

Introduction: Institutions and political science; Part I. On Institutions: 1. The origins of institutions; 2. Approaches to institutions; 3. A framework for institutional analysis and a typology of institutions; Part II. On Political Institutions: 4. What political institutions are; 5. Meso-institutions: political institutes; 6. Macro-institutions: territories, constitutions and regimes; 7. Conclusion: specificities of political institutions.