Today, 189 out of 193 officially recognised nation-states have a written constitution, and 75% of these have been ratified since 1975. How did this worldwide diffusion of constitutions come about? In this book, Wim Voermans traces the varied and surprising story of constitutions since the agricultural revolution of c.10,000 bce. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, Voermans shows how human evolution, human nature and the history of thought have all played their part in shaping modern constitutions. Constitutions, in turn, have shaped our societies, creating imagined communities of trust and recognition that allow us to successfully co-operate with one another. Engagingly and wittily told, the story of constitutions is vital to understanding our world, our civilisations and, most significantly, ourselves.

Wim Voermans is Professor of Constitutional Law at Leiden University. His research focuses on comparative constitutional law, the evolution of human groups into political societies and the genesis of constitutions, legitimacy and storytelling. Voermans has written widely on subjects related to constitutional law, including European Law, Administrative Law (and the dynamics of the Administrative State) and legislative issues. His last four books have become bestsellers in the Netherlands, selling thousands of copies over the last three years.

1. Introduction: the century of constitutions; Part I. Constitutional Diffusion: 2. Constitutions everywhere; 3. The origin of constitutions; Part II. The History of the Constitution: 4. Precursors; 5. Etched into collective memory: ancient constitutions; 6. Roman roots; 7. Mediaeval constitutions; 8. Early-modern constitutions; 9. Generations: the first generation of monarchical constitutions; 10. Second generation: revolutionary constitutions; 11. Third generation: restoration constitutions; 12. Fourth generation: liberal constitutions; 13. Fifth generation: imperial constitutions; 14. Sixth generation: Leviathan constitutions; 15. The seventh generation: liberation constitutions; 16. The eighth generation: liberal-democratic constitutions; 17. What are the lessons of history?; Part III. Concepts, Shapes and Types of Constitutions: 18. What is a constitution?; 19. Constitutional kinship; Part IV. Effects: 20. What does a constitution do?; 21. The legal meaning of constitutions; 22. Economic aspects; 23. Political aspects; Part V. The Imagined Order of the Constitution: 24. The constitution's beating heart: emotions; 25. The roots of the tree of knowledge; 26. Constitutions as vehicles for legitimacy; 27. The story of the constitution; 28. Appealing to the imagination: constitutional experience; 29. Once upon a time... There was the constitution.