This textbook offers an accessible introduction to the historical, technical, and strategic context of global cyber conflict. The 2nd edition has been revised and updated throughout, with three new chapters.

Christopher Whyte is an assistant professor in the program on Homeland Security & Emergency Preparedness at the L. Douglas Wilder School of Government & Public Affairs, Virginia Commonwealth University. He is co-editor of Information Warfare in the Age of Cyber Conflict (2020) and co-author of Information at War (2022).

Brian M. Mazanec is an adjunct professor in the Defense and Strategic Studies program at Missouri State University and a senior executive with the U.S. government. He is author of The Evolution of Cyber War (2015), co-author of Deterring Cyber Warfare (2014) and co-editor of Information Warfare in the Age of Cyber Conflict (2020).

1. Introduction 2. The Technological Foundations of Insecurity in the Digital Age 3. Cyberspace and International Relations 4. Exploit: From Signals Intelligence to Cyber Warriors 5. Attack: From Exploitation to Offensive Cyber Operations 6. Shape: Subvert, Deceive, Poison 7. The Topology and History of Major Cyber Conflict Episodes 8. National Experiences with Cyber-Security: Realization and Institutional Development 9. States at Cyberwar: The Dynamics and National Strategies of Cyber Conflict 10. Cyber Conflict as 'Grey Zone' Conflict 11. Non-State Actors: Terrorism, Subversion and Activism Online 12. Norms, Ethics and International Law for Offensive Cyber Operations 13. Evolution: How the Logics of Cyber Conflict Might Change 14. Revolution: How the Nature of Cyber Conflict Might Change