This book explores key concepts in GIS such as geodesy; the coordinate or referencing system for referring objects on Earth's surface. It explains how the spatial data and 3D surface of Earth are projected on to a flat surface to make a map through different map projection methods. It examines how three different types of geometry help in the analysis of spatial data. It also discusses the mathematical formulations of how to compute physical parameters of geometric and spatial quantities using different spatial data.

Dr. Narayan Panigrahi is a practicing geo-spatial scientist in the Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR), Bangalore, India. He obtained his master's degree from the J.K. Institute of Applied Physics and Technology, University of Allahabad, his M Tech from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, and his PhD from IIT, Bombay, India. His current research interests include geographical information science, design and optimization of algorithms for computation of spatial data in vector and raster form obtained through different sensors, and application of GIS for resource mapping and operation planning.

Introduction. Computational Geodesy. Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations. Basics of Map Projection. Algorithms for Rectification of Geometric Distortions. Differential Geometric Principles and Operators. Computational Geometry and its Application to GIS. Spatial Interpolation Techniques. Spatial Statistical Methods. An Introduction to Bathymetry. Spatial Analysis of Bathymetric Data and Sea GIS. Measurements and Analysis Using GIS. Appendix. Appendix-B. Glossary of GIS Terms. Bibliography.