This third volume of studies by Charles Burnett brings together articles on the different numeral forms used in the Middle Ages. Some study the introduction of Hindu-Arabic numerals into Western Europe, documenting, in more detail than anywhere else, the different forms in which they are found, before they acquired the standard shapes with which we

Charles Burnett is Professor of the History of Islamic Influences in Europe at the Warburg Institute, University of London, UK

Contents: Preface; The abacus at Echternach in ca. 1000 A.D; Abbon de Fleury, abaci doctor; Algorismi vel helcep decentior est diligentia: the arithmetic of Adelard of Bath and his circle;Ten or forty? A confusing numerical symbol in the Middle Ages; Indian numerals in the Mediterranean basin in the 12th century, with special reference to the 'Eastern forms'; The use of Arabic numerals among the three language cultures of Norman Sicily; Why we read Arabic numerals backwards; The Toledan Regule (Liber Alchorismi, part II): a 12th-century arithmetical miscellany, (with Ji-Wei Zhao and Kurt Lampe); Learning Indian arithmetic in the early 13th century; Latin alphanumerical notation and annotation in Italian in the 12th century: MS London, British Library, Harley 5402; Fibonacci's 'method of the Indians'; Addenda and corrigenda; Indexes.