A collection of original essays by major thinkers, addressing how the biological sciences inform and inspire philosophical research.

1. Biophilosophy David Livingstone Smith; 2. Darwin and the overdue demise of essentialism Daniel C. Dennett; 3. Darwinism as philosophy: can the universal acid be contained? Alexander Rosenberg; 4. Animal evolution and the origins of experience Peter Godfrey-Smith; 5. Neurophilosophy Patricia Churchland; 6. Teleosemantics David Papineau; 7. The methodological argument for informational teleosemantics Karen Neander; 8. Nature's purposes and mine Ronald De Sousa; 9. Biology and the theory of rationality Samir Okasha; 10. Evolution and ethical life Philip Kitcher; 11. Human nature Edouard Machery; 12. A postgenomic perspective on sex and gender John Dupré; 13. Biophilosophy of race Luc Faucher; 14. How philosophers 'learn' from biology: reductionist and anti-reductionist 'lessons' Richard N. Boyd.