This book is a study of the interplay of vernacular and global languages of politics during Africa's decolonization.

Emma Hunter is a Lecturer in History at the University of Edinburgh. She has published in the Historical Journal, the Journal of Global History, and the African Studies Review.

Introduction; 1. Concepts of progress in mid-twentieth-century Tanzania; 2. Transnational languages of democracy after 1945; 3. Representation, imperial citizenship and the political subject in late colonial Tanganyika; 4. Patriotic citizenship and the case of the Kilimanjaro Chagga Citizens Union; 5. Freedom in translation; 6. Languages of democracy in Kilimanjaro and the fall of Marealle; 7. One party democracy: citizenship and political society in the post-colonial state; 8. Ujamaa and the Arusha Declaration; Conclusion.