Introduction Jonathan Simon, Hadar Aviram and Rosann Greenspan; Part I. The Process is the Punishment: 1. Adversarial bias and the criminal process: infusing the organizational perspective on criminal courts with insights from behavioral science Hadar Aviram; 2. Malcolm Feeley's concept of law Issa Kohler-Hausmann; 3. Process as intergenerational punishment: are children casualties of parental court experiences? Kay Levine and Volkan Topalli; 4. The process is the problem Shauhin Talesh; Part II. Court Reform on Trial: 5. Vaping on trial: e-cigarettes, law, and society Eric Feldman; 6. Japanese court reform on trial David T. Johnson and Setsuo Miyazawa; 7. Court reform and comparative criminal justice David Nelken; 8. The birth of the penal organization: why prisons were born to fail Ashley T. Rubin; 9. The misbegotten: infanticide in Victorian England Lawrence M. Friedman; Part III. Judicial Policymaking and the Modern State: 10. Judicial deference in the modern state Lauren B. Edelman; 11. Judges, labor, and economic inequality Paul Frymer; 12. Administrative 'states' of judicial policy on gender-motivated violence Christine B. Harrington; 13. Can courts abolish mass incarceration? Jonathan Simon; 14. Policy making by out-of-court settlements: intelligence informers at the Israeli High Court of Justice Menachem Hofnung; Part IV. Political Liberalism and the Legal Complex: 15. The international legal complex: Wang Yu and the global response to repression of China's political lawyers Terence C. Halliday; 16. The legal profession's promise of justice: choices and challenges in legal and socio-legal work Mark Fathi Massoud; 17. The varieties of judicial independence and the judiciary's role in political reform Edward L. Rubin; 18. The legal complex and lawyers-in-chief Kim Lane Scheppele.