This book critically analyses the origins, the creation, and the evolution of an international law on investment contract protection.

Jean Ho, FCIArb, is Assistant Professor of Law at the National University of Singapore, where she lectures and supervises on diverse aspects of international investment law. Prior to academia, Dr Ho practiced in investor-state dispute settlement. She is a Member of the Investment Treaty Forum of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, and an Expert on the UNIDROIT Working Group on Land Agricultural Investment Contracts. Dr Ho is also a co-author of International Investment Law and Arbitration: Commentary, Awards and Other Materials (Cambridge, 2018).

1. Power and principle in the origins of contractual protection; 2. Arbitral awards and the generation of international law; 3. State responsibility and the core standard of treatment; 4. State responsibility and expropriation; 5. State responsibility and internationalisation; 6. The emerging international law on investment contract protection; 7. The future of international investment contract claims.