Lucas Lixinski is Associate Professor at Faculty of Law, UNSW Sydney. He is a leading researcher in the areas of international cultural heritage law and international human rights law, having authored over 100 publications in those fields. He is Vice President of the Association of Critical Heritage Studies and Rapporteur of the International Law Association Committee on Participation in Global Cultural Heritage Governance.

1. Introduction; 2. Identity, Memory, and Transitional Justice; 3. Conservation and Reinvention: Remaking Symbols; 4. Erasing or Replacing Symbols; 5. Creating New Symbols; 6. Cultural Heritage as Pragmatism; 7. Conclusions.