A comparative and empirical analysis of proportionality in the case law of six constitutional and supreme courts.

Introduction. Analyzing proportionality comparatively and empirically Talya Steiner, Andrej Lang and Mordechai Kremnitzer; 1. Proportionality analysis by the German Federal Constitutional Court Andrej Lang; 2. Proportionality analysis by the Canadian Supreme Court Lorian Hardcastle; 3. Proportionality analysis by the South African Constitutional Court Richard Stacey; 4. Proportionality analysis by the Israeli Supreme Court Talya Steiner; 5. Proportionality analysis by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal Anna ¿ledzi¿ska-Simon; 6. Proportionality analysis by the Indian Supreme Court Aparna Chandra; 7. Comparative and empirical insights into judicial practice: towards an integrative model of proportionality Talya Steiner, Andrej Lang and Mordechai Kremnitzer; Index.