This Element analyzes the economic and political forces behind the political marginalization of working-class organizations in the region. It traces the roots of labor exclusion to the geopolitics of the early postwar period when many governments rolled back the left and established labor control regimes that prevented the reemergence of working-class movements. This Element also examines the economic and political dynamics that perpetuated labor's containment in some countries and that produced a resurgence of labor mobilization in others in the 21st century. It also explains why democratization has had mixed effects on organized labor in the region and analyzes three distinctive ¿anatomies of contention¿ of Southeast Asia's feistiest labor movements in Cambodia, Indonesia, and Vietnam.

1. Introduction; 2. Postwar legacies in the 20th century; 3. Continuity and change in the 21st century; 4. Anatomies of contention: Cambodia, Indonesia, and Vietnam; 5. Conclusion; References.