Michael P. Scharf is the Dean of the Law School and the Joseph C. Hostetler-BakerHostetler Professor of Law at Case Western Reserve University. He serves as Managing Director of the Public International Law and Policy Group, a Nobel Peace Prize-nominated NGO. He has led USAID-funded transitional justice projects in Uganda, Cote d'Ivoire, Libya, and Turkey (for Syria), and maritime piracy projects in Kenya, Mauritius, and The Seychelles. Scharf is the author of over 100 scholarly articles and nineteen books, four of which have won national book of the year honors. Since 2013, Scharf has been the producer and host of 'Talking Foreign Policy', a radio program broadcast on WCPN 90.3 FM and other NPR affiliates across the country.

1. Introduction; 2. Historical Background; 3. Accelerated Formation of Customary International Law; 4. Use of Force in Self-Defense against Non-State Actors; 5. Humanitarian Intervention in Response to Use of Chemical Weapons; 6. Transformation of Accountability Paradigms; 7. The Syrian Migration Crisis; 8. International Law and the Syrian Peace Process; 9. Conclusion; Appendix; Index.