Acknowledgements; Introduction; 1. Diplomacy and reform at the General Councils; 2. The councils and lay religion; 3. Decision-making at the councils and the world of collective politics; 4. Conciliarism and heresy in England; 5. Representation and interpretative authority; Conclusion; Bibliography; Index.

Alexander Russell gained his doctorate from the University of Oxford in 2011. In 2012-13 he was a Mellon Fellow at the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies in Toronto and he has subsequently been a Leverhulme Early Career Fellow in the Centre for the Study of the Renaissance at the University of Warwick.